Could it happen that I have to go to jail for my debts?
No, you will not be sent to jail just because of your debts in Germany.
However, there are other reasons relating to money matters why you may have to face a prison sentence: For example, if you fail to disclose your financial circumstances, which you are obliged to do. Or if you fail to pay a fine that a criminal court has sentenced you to pay for a criminal offence. However, you can be certain that your personal situation will always be carefully considered, for example also whether you have no previous convictions.